{ The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between intestinal mucosal immunity and diarrhoea. Stools were tested for total IgA by radial immunodiffusion, cultured for bacteria and examined for ova/cysts by microscopy. Peripheral blood was screened for HIV-1 antibody by ELISA, CD4 and CD8 enumerated by flow cytometry and phagocytic activity by C. albicans engulfment. A total of 271 children were enrolled with a mean age of 20.3 m (range 0.3-60.0 m). HIV exposed (born to HIV seropositive mothers) had more episodes of diarrhoea than HIV unexposed (born to HIV seronegative mothers) children in the first six months of life (26.0% versus 5.5%
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