Forensic Science which implies science in the service of law is a fundamental tool in every society that intend to promote justice to its citizens. It focuses on the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. Forensic scientific examination of Physical, Biological and Trace evidences helps us to answer the following investigative and legal questions: Who? What? When? Where? There are various Forensic Science Specialties but our main focus is on the following 1. Forensic Pathology 2. Forensic Toxicology 3. Forensic Entomology 4. Entomolecular Forensic

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Forensic Science which implies science in the service of law is a fundamental tool in every society that intend to promote justice to its citizens. It focuses on the application of science to those criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system. Forensic scientific examination of Physical, Biological and Trace evidences helps us to answer the following investigative and legal questions: Who? What? When? Where? There are various Forensic Science Specialties but our main focus is on the following 1. Forensic Pathology 2. Forensic Toxicology 3.

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(Last updated: June 20, 2019)

Publications

2019

Njau, DG, Muge EK, Kinyanjui PW, Omwandho C, Mukwana S.  2019.  1. STRs analysis of human DNA from Maggots Fed on Decomposing Bodies: Assessment of the time period for successful analysis . Egyptian Journal of Forensic Science . 6(3):261-269. AbstractFull Text Link

Frequently, forensic entomology is applied in the use of insect maggots for the identification of specimens or remains of humans. Maggot crop analysis could be valuable in criminal investigations when maggots are found at a crime scene and a corpse is absent. Human short tandem repeat (STR) has previously been used to support the association of maggots to a specific corpse but not in the period at which the body has been decomposing. The aim of this research was to assess the time period for successful STR analyses of human DNA from third instar maggots (Protophormia terraenovae) obtained from decomposing human corpses as well as to investigate the human DNA turnover and degradation in the maggot crop after they are removed from food and/or are fed on a beef (a new/different) food source. Results showed that the amount of human DNA recovered from maggots decreased with time in all cases. For maggots fed on beef, the human DNA could only be recovered up to day two and up to day four for the starved maggots. STR analyses of human DNA from maggots’ crop content using 16 loci generated profiles that matched those of reference samples although some of the alleles were not amplifiable therefore generating partial profiles for the samples starved for 4 days and those fed on beef. This may be due to nuclease activity present in the gut of larvae that may have caused degradation of DNA and consequently reduction in DNA yield. It was possible to identify the decomposing body using STRs as markers.
Njau, DG, Muge EK, Kinyanjui PW, Omwandho C, Mukwana S.  2019.  1. STRs analysis of human DNA from Maggots Fed on Decomposing Bodies: Assessment of the time period for successful analysis . Egyptian Journal of Forensic Science . 6(3):261-269. AbstractFull Text Link

Frequently, forensic entomology is applied in the use of insect maggots for the identification of specimens or remains of humans. Maggot crop analysis could be valuable in criminal investigations when maggots are found at a crime scene and a corpse is absent. Human short tandem repeat (STR) has previously been used to support the association of maggots to a specific corpse but not in the period at which the body has been decomposing. The aim of this research was to assess the time period for successful STR analyses of human DNA from third instar maggots (Protophormia terraenovae) obtained from decomposing human corpses as well as to investigate the human DNA turnover and degradation in the maggot crop after they are removed from food and/or are fed on a beef (a new/different) food source. Results showed that the amount of human DNA recovered from maggots decreased with time in all cases. For maggots fed on beef, the human DNA could only be recovered up to day two and up to day four for the starved maggots. STR analyses of human DNA from maggots’ crop content using 16 loci generated profiles that matched those of reference samples although some of the alleles were not amplifiable therefore generating partial profiles for the samples starved for 4 days and those fed on beef. This may be due to nuclease activity present in the gut of larvae that may have caused degradation of DNA and consequently reduction in DNA yield. It was possible to identify the decomposing body using STRs as markers.

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