| DR. THAIYAH ANDREW GITAU (RETIRED)

Bio

DR. THAIYAH ANDREW GITAU

Dr. Andrew G. Thaiyah is a senior lecturer and Head of Medicine at the University of Nairobi, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Clinical Studies. He holds a Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine (1987), Master of Science in Clinical Studies (1992) and a Doctor of Philosophy (2007), all from the University of Nairobi. He is a clinical epidemiologist and a specialist on food animal diseases which he has taught for the last 25 years to both undergraduate and postgraduate veterinary, Agriculture and wildlife students.

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(Last updated: February 29, 2016)

Publications

2016

Muriuki, J, Thaiyah A, Mbugua S, Kitaa J, Kirui G. 2016. Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Rabies and Socio-Economic Value of Dog Keeping in Kisumu and Siaya counties, Kenya. Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 5(1):29-33.

2015

Muasya, J, Giatu GK, Thaiyah AG. 2015. ‘Estimation of Bovine Tuberculosis (BTB) prevalence using antibody ELISA in Kenya’, 9-13 March. Regional conference on zoonotic diseases. , Naivasha, Kenya

obanda, BA, Cook A, Fevre E, Wang S, Bebora L, Mwituria JM, Ng'etich R, Okoth W, Nafula C, Ogara W, Thaiyah AG, Kariuki S, Gabreyes WA. 2015. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in abattoir workers and livestock from western Kenya, 6-8 Aug. ICOPHAI. , Thailand

Thaiyah, AG, Kirui G, Mwanthi M, Koskei P, Mulei CM. 2015. One Health key knowledge and training needs among service providers in Kenya., 15-18, March . 3rd International One Health congress.. , Amsterdam, Netherlands

2014

Amenya, HZ, Gathumbi PK, Mbaria JM, Thaiyah AG, Thoithi GN. 2014. Sub-acute toxicity of the chloroformic extract of Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez in rats. Jpounal of ethnopharmacology. 154(3 july):593-599.

2013

Njenga, JN, Gitau GK, Thaiyah AG. 2013. Infectious Diseases of Sheep and Goats. , Njoro, Nakuru: Egerton university press

Amenya, HA, Thoithi GN, Thaiyah AG, Mbaria JM, Gathumbi PK. 2013. In vitro and acute in vivo toxicity of the aqueous and chloroformic extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos (L) Mez. Kenya veterinarian. 35(2)

2012

Amenya, HA, Gathumbi PK, Mbaria JM, Thaiyah AG, Thoithi GN. 2012. In vitro and acute in vivo toxicity of the aqueous and chloroformic extracts of Rapanea melanophloeos (L) Mez. The Kenya Veterinarian . 35(2):77-85.

2011

Aleri, JW, Abuom TO, Mulei CM. 2011. A typical actinobacillosis in an adult friesian cow. AbstractWebsite

Actinobacillosis due to Actinobacillus lignieresi, has been reported in domestic animals including cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, horses and dogs (Carmalt et al., 1999; Kennerman et al., 2006; Muhammad et al., 2006; Brown et al., 2007). The causative agent is a gram-negative aerobic rod and a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants (Radostits et al., 2007; Smith, 2009). The most frequent clinical presentation is granulomatous or pyogranulomatous lesion of the tongue or subcutaneous tissues in the head and neck region. A typical manifestation of the disease have been reported affecting other body tissues / organs usually associated from lacerations, dehorning, nose-rings, intravenous injections and lymphadenitis (Aslani, et al., 1995; Holzhauer and Roumen, 2002). Outbreaks of the disease have also been reported (Campbell et al., 1975; Nakazawa and Azuma 1977). This paper outlines an atypical case of actinobacillosis of soft tissue swelling of the head in a cow without any exudation from the lesion, which is a challenge to confirming the etiological agent and treatment.

Maribei, JM, Nyaga PN, Ngatia TA, Kamau JPM, Kinyuru JM. 2011. Acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity of Solanum incanum L in sheep in Kenya. AbstractWebsite

A study was carried out to determine the toxicity of unripe fruits of Solanum incanum L in sheep. The sheep were orally drenched with dried unripe fruits powder of S. incanum L at dose rates varying from 1,200mg to 3,600 mg/Kg /day for 9 weeks. Clinical signs were observed daily while blood with and without anticoagulant was taken weekly for haematological and biochemical analysis. Clinical signs started on day two with bloat. All sheep groups showed bloat and coughing. Signs of cerebellar hyperplasia were manifested in 25%, 75% and 25% of sheep in groups 2, 3, and 4 respectively, manifested by staggering gait, lateral recumbency, leg paddling movements, coma and death. The mortality rate was 25% for group 2 and 100% for groups 3 and 4. All sheep groups had pneumonia, froth in the bronchi, lung emphysema and congestion in the brain, liver and kidneys while groups 3 and 5 had hemorrhagic ulcers on distal abomasum to proximal duodenum and hemorrhagic enteritis from duodenum to colon. On histology, all sheep showed necrosis of the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and Wallerian degeneration of neurons; lung emphysema and interstitial pneumonia, hemorrhagic enteritis, tubular necrosis in the kidneys and hepatocyte necrosis. The results indicate that S. incanum L is highly toxic to sheep and allowing sheep to graze on the plant is dangerous to their health.

2010

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW, N PROFNYAGAP, MATHENGE PROFMARIBEIJAMES. 2010. Experimental Solanum incanum L poisoning in goats. Thaiya, A.G., Nyaga, P.N., Maribei, J.M., Nduati, D., Mbuthia, P.G. and Ngatia, T.A.. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. vol.58. no.1. : au-ibar Abstract

Fresh blood lymphocytes from nine health donors have been compared with samples from the same donors, recovered after period of 2 to 21 months storage in liquid nitrogen, for the capacity to respond to a range of mitogens in vitro. A microculture assay was used, requireing aliquots of only 25,000 cells. The mean levels of 14C-thymidine uptake for fresh and frozen samples were closely comparable when the cells had been stimulated by PHA, Pokeweed or mitomycin-C-treated allogeneic lymphoblastoid cells. Lymphocytes from six East African donors, frozen by a very simple technique, were recovered after 3 or more years storage in liquid nitrogen. Five of the samples were in good condition as judged by cell viability and the capacity to form spontaneous 'E' rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. These five samples also responded extremely well to PHA, PWM and mitomycin-C-treated allogeneic lymphoblastoid cells using the microculture assay. This study extends the range of applications of cell banks in which small aliquots of blood lymphocytes are stored in liquid nitrogen for periods of several years.

This case report describes an outbreak of acute dermatophilosis in a large scale dairy herd and highlights that the disease in Kenya could occur in outbreak proportions and in clinically severe form as has been reported in other countries in West and central Africa.We believe that this is the 1st documented outbreak of a severe form of bovine cutaneous dermatophilosis in exotic dairy animals in Kenya.

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 2006. J.K. Wabacha, N.P. Gitonga, M.J. Njenga, A.G.Thaiyah and C.M. Mulei (2006). An outbreak of acute bovine dermatophilosis in a large scale dairy herd in Kenya.. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afri. 54:144-147.. : Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. Abstract

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 2006. J.K. WABACHA, C.M.M. Mulei, N.P. Gitonga, M.J. Njenga, A.G. Thaiyah and J. Nduhiu. An outbreak of unusual form of acute ovine dermatophilosis in a mixed farming enterprise in Kenya. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 54:144-147. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, Nairobi, 6th . : Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. Abstract

2005

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 2005. A.G. Thaiya, S.M. Ndurumo, J.K. Wabacha. Suspected Nitrate/Nitrite poisoning in stall-fed dairy Cattle resulting from consumption of Amaranthus Plants.. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, Nairobi, 3rd . : Kenya veterinarian Abstract

2002

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 2002. Wabacha, J.K., Gitau, G.K., Nduhiu, J.M., Thaiya, A.G., Mbithi, P.M.F. and Munyua, S.J.M. (2002). An outbreak of urticarial form of domestic pig Erysipelas in a medium scale piggery in Kiambu District, Kenya. The Kenya veterinarian Vol. 23, 95-97.. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Biennial Scientific Conference, Nairobi, 3rd . : The Kenya veterinarian Abstract

2001

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 2001. Thaiya, A.G., Gitau, G.K. and Mugambi, J.J. (2001). Outbreaks of bovine rabies in Kiambu District, Kenya. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 21, 10-11. Kenya Veterinarian Vol. 21, 10-11.. : Kenya Veterinarian Abstract

2000

Odoi, A;, Gathuma JM;, Gachuiri CK;, Omore A;, Gitau T;, Wanyangu SW;, Murage E. 2000. Constraints to Sheep and Goal Production in Small Holder Mixed Farms in Kenya's Central Highlands.

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW, M DRMUNYUASJ. 2000. J. K. Wabacha, J.M. Maribei, A.G. Thaiya, S.J.M. Munyua, D.N. Karanja and E.M. Njoroge(2000). Progressive atrophic rhinitis in a medium scale pig farm in Kiambu, Kenya. J. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. 71 (2): 122-124. Journal of South Africa Veterinary Association. 71(2): 122-124.. : J. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. Abstract

Forty-two pigs in a herd of 117 displayed various clinical signs of progressive atrophic rhinitis. The main signs included sneezing, coughing, lachrymation, serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge, and nasal bleeding in 1 pig. Three pigs had lateral deviation of the snout, while 4 had brachygnathia superior with obvious deformation of the face. Four acutely affected weaner pigs appeared weak, while the 7 chronically-affected pigs appeared smaller than their apparently unaffected penmates of the same age. Treatment of the acutely affected pigs with long-acting oxytetracycline at 20 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly, repeated once after 7 days, reduced the severity but did not clear the sneezing from all the pigs. Fifteen pigs were slaughtered 2 months after the clinical diagnosis was made. The carcasses of the chronically affected pigs were about 15% lighter than those of the apparently normal pigs of the same age and from the same pen, which translated to a loss of 921.00 Kenya shillings per pig (US$13.7). Diagnosis of progressive atrophic rhinitis was confirmed by sectioning the snouts of randomly selected slaughtered pigs with obvious deformation of the snout. Sections were made at the level of the 1st/2nd upper premolar tooth. Varying degrees of turbinate atrophy, from mild to complete, were noted. Histopathology of the turbinates revealed metaplasia of nasal epithelium and fibrosis in the lamina propria

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 2000. Munyua, S.J.M., Karioki, D.I., Chibeu, D.M., Wabacha, J.K., Thaiya, A.G. Njenga, M.J., Gathuma J.M., and Mitaru, B.M. (2000) Prognostic indicator of postpartum viability of kids born of Escherichia coli vaccinated or unvaccinated does.J. S. Afr Vet Ass.71. Journal of South Africa Veterinary Association. 71(2): 122-124.. : J. S. Afr. Vet. Ass. Abstract

This study was undertaken to determine some blood and other physiological parameters with potential for use as prognostic indicators of viability of newborn goat kids. Of the 143 kids born during the on-farm study, 97 were crosses of Galla x Small East African (SEA) and 46 were pure SEA. The SEA x Galla kids were 46 single males, with a mean body weight at birth of 2.77 +/- 0.22 kg, 43 females with a mean body weight at birth of 2.36 +/- 0.76 kg and 5 and 3 sets of female and male twins (mean body weight at birth of 1.8 +/- 0.19 kg and 2.05 +/- 0.07 kg for the female and male kids, respectively). The SEA kids comprised 36 single male and female kids (mean body weight at birth of 2.48 +/- 0.04 kg and 10 sets of twins (both male and female) (mean body weight at birth of 1.50 +/- 0.04 kg ). Pre-suckling sera obtained on-station from kids born of does vaccinated against Escherichia coli (n = 8) and unvaccinated does (n = 7) had a total protein content of <40.0 g/l and no detectable levels of IgG and A or E. coli antibodies. Sera obtained 12 hours post partum) from kids that survived in both groups contained about 19-22 g of Ig g/l, 50-80 g total protein/l, blood glucose of >5 mmol/l and had an E. coli antibody titre of between 1/160 and 1/640. On the other hand, kids that died within 48 hours of birth (parturient deaths) and had been classified in categories 3 and 4 righting reaction had low (<40 g/l) total protein, low white blood cell count (4,000/ml) and low blood glucose concentration (<4.9 mmol/l). It is concluded that kids with delayed righting reaction (>45 minutes), low rectal temperature (<36 degrees C), low birth weights (<1.5 kg for singles and <1.0 kg for twins), low white blood cells (<4,000/ml), low (<2 mmol/l) blood glucose levels, low total protein (<40.0 g/l), low (<1:160) E. coli antibody titre and IgG (< or =3,350 mg/l) in sera obtained 12 hours after birth have a poor prognosis for survival

1999

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW, M DRMUNYUASJ. 1999. Munyua .S.J.M, Mbai ,K, Thaiya , A.G., Wabacha, J.K. and Tsuma V.T.(1999). Reproductive health care in Dairy animals. Central artificial Insemination Station Magazine, October 1999, pp 25-26. Central artificial Insemination Station Magazine, October 1999, pp 25-26. : Central artificial Insemination Station Magazine Abstract

1998

Wabacha, JK;, Gitau GK;, Nduhiu JM;, Thaiyah AG;, Mbithi PMF;, Munyua SJM;. 1998. An Outbreak Of Urticarial Form Of Swine Erysipelas In A Medium -scale Piggery In Kiambu District, Kenya.

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1998. J.K. Wabacha, G.K. Gitau, J.M. Nduhiu, A.G. Thaiyah, P.M.F. Mbithi and S.J.M. Munyua. An outbreak of urticarial form of swine erysipelas in a medium -scale piggery in Kiambu district, Kenya. Journal of South African Veterinary Association 69(2): 61-63.. Kenya Veterinary Assciation Central branch Scientific Seminar, 16th - 17th October, 1997, Nyeri, Kenya. : Journal of South African Veterinary Association Abstract

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1998. J.K. Wabacha, G.K. Gitau, J.M. Nduhiu, A.G. Thaiyah, P.M.F. Mbithi and S.J.M. Munyua(1998). An outbreak of urticarial form of swine erysipelas in a medium -scale piggery in Kiambu district, Kenya. Journal of South African Veterinary Association 69(2): 61-. Kenya Veterinary Assciation Central branch Scientific Seminar, 16th - 17th October, 1997, Nyeri, Kenya. : Journal of South African Veterinary Association Abstract

This report concerns an outbreak that occurred during July/August 1997. Ten pigs from a herd of 181 pigs in a medium-scale, semi-closed piggery in Kiambu District, Kenya, contracted the clinical disease. The main clinical findings in affected pigs included: fever (40.5-41.8 degrees C), prostration, inappetence, dog-sitting posture, abortion, erythema and raised, firm to the touch and easily palpated light pink to dark purple diamond-shaped to square/rectangular spots on the skin around the belly and the back. Based on the pathognomonic skin lesions, a clinical diagnosis of swine erysipelas was made. The diagnosis was confirmed by the isolation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae organisms from the blood and skin biopsies taken from the affected pigs. Response to treatment with a combination of procaine penicillin and dihydrostreptomycin at the dosage rate of 20,000 IU/kg body weight (based on procaine penicillin) for 3 days was good and all the affected pigs recovered fully. The farm was placed under quarantine to prevent spread of the disease

1997

Gitau, T;, Mbiuki SM;, McDermott JJ. 1997. Assessment of bovine hoof conformation and its association with lameness, animal factors and management practices on small-scale dairy farms in Kiambu district, Kenya..

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1997. Thaiya, A.G. (1997). Clinical observations on cattle rabies in Kiambu District, Kenya. Proc. S. & E. Afr. Rabies group. ILRI, 4-6TH March. Nbi, Kenya. Proc. S. & E. Afr. Rabies group. ILRI, 4-6TH March. Nbi, Kenya. : Proc. S. & E. Afr. Rabies group Abstract

1996

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1996. Munyua S. J. M. Wabacha, J. and Thaiya, A. G (1996). Infertility in dairy cattle with special emphasis to those kept under zero grazing units. Annual scientific conference of the central KVA branch held at Greenhills Hotel, Nyeri, 16-17/9/96.. Proc. S. & E. Afr. Rabies group. ILRI, 4-6TH March. Nbi, Kenya. : KVA central branch annual Sc. Conference Abstract

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1996. Thaiyah, A.G. (1996). Differential diagnosis of Eye diseases in cattle. Annual scientific conference of the central KVA branch held at Greenhills Hotel, Nyeri, 16-17/9/96.. Proc. S. & E. Afr. Rabies group. ILRI, 4-6TH March. Nbi, Kenya. : KVA central branch annual SC. conference Abstract

1993

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1993. Maina, A.K., Munyua, S.J.M., Mutiga, E.R. and Thaiya, A.G. (1993). Mammary gland infections in free range goats in Kenya. Bulletin Animal Production Africa 41:333. Bull. Anim. Hlth. Prod. Afr. 41: 33. : Bulletin Animal Production Africa Abstract

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1993. Thaiya, A.G., Chege, J.N. and Wekesa, L.S. (1993). Efficacy of buparvaquone in cattle in kiambu district, Kenya. Bull. Anim. Prod. Afr. 41, 333-335. Bull. Anim. Prod. Afr. (a) 41, 333.. : Bull. Anim. Prod. Afr. Abstract

1992

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1992. Thaiya, A.G (1992). Cassia didymotrya Fres and Solanum incanum L in rats. MSc thesis, Faculty of vet. medicine, university of Nairobi. : Thesis Abstract

1991

GITAU, DRTHAIYAHANDREW. 1991. A.K. Maina, J.K Muthee, Thaiya, A.G and V.T. Tsuma (1991). An outbreak of progressive cataracts of an undetermined cause in a herd of dairy cows.The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences vol. 61 no. 11. MSc thesis, Faculty of vet. medicine, university of Nairobi. : The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences Abstract

1989

Gitau, T;, McDermott JJ;, Waltner-Toews D;, Gathuma JM;, Kang EK;, Kimani VW;, Kilungo, J K;, Muni RK;, Mwangi JM;, Otieno GO. 1989. Agro-ecosystems, natural resources management and human health related research in East Africa. Abstract

The paper briefly describes the application of agro-ecosystem health framework for characterization of an agro-ecosystem in central Kenya, and identification of the indications of its health. The lessons learnt from the application are briefly discussed.

DR. THAIYAH ANDREW GITAU (RETIRED)

PhD (Nairobi),MSc (Clinical studies)(NRB), BVM (NRB)

Bio